How do I convert CSV to JSON in Python (and back)?

Three ways, from quickest to most control:

1. pandas

Code:

import pandas as pd df = pd.read_csv('data.csv') df.to_json('data.json', orient='records')

2. csv + json modules (no dependencies)

Code:

import csv, json with open('data.csv') as f: rows = list(csv.DictReader(f)) with open('data.json', 'w') as f: json.dump(rows, f, indent=2)

3. DF Toolbox – for quick one-off conversions the CSV ⇄ JSON converter on tools.php does both directions instantly, no code needed.

Watch out for: encoding (use encoding='utf-8'), and numbers stored as strings (convert them explicitly).

How do you handle the CSV → JSON step in your pipelines – code, tooling, or both?